Crash scenarios

A key component of the safety-driven approach is the early definition of realistic crash scenarios, based on the unique operational characteristics of eVTOLs. Two critical cases include:

1. Vertical impact with pitch and roll angles on hard surfaces.
2. Combined impact, involving both vertical and horizontal velocities on various terrains—such as hard ground, soft soil, or water.

These scenarios form the foundation for evaluating structural integrity and occupant protection.

To model and analyze these conditions, developers rely on the Impact Crash Prediction Model (ICPM). This simulation tool combines flight dynamics with crash physics to predict how an aircraft and its occupants behave during impact. It estimates key parameters like impact angle, speed, and force distribution, helping engineers identify critical load paths, assess injury risk, and evaluate energy absorption behavior.

ICPM supports early-stage design decisions by enabling realistic, virtual crash testing—minimizing reliance on costly physical prototypes and accelerating the development of safety systems.